How to Achieve 99% Yield by Laser Etching ITO Conductive Film

The advantage of smart watches is that they can display information on their wrists, so it is easy to view. But what if you want to make this information more obvious? What if this information is on the back of your hand? Recently, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have launched a new smart watch lumiwatch that can turn the arm into a touch screen.It is reported that lumiwatch does not have a traditional display screen, but mainly outputs images through a micro projector, and then let our arms act as part of the touch screen. In terms of configuration, it is equipped with a 1.2 GHz Qualcomm quad core processor, 768mb of operating memory, 4GB of memory, a 740mah battery that can last for one hour, runs Android 5.1 system, and supports Bluetooth and WiFi connections. From this point of view, it can also be regarded as an ultra-low configuration Android phone.The prototype watch shows how it works on the body interface: slide to the left to unlock the watch, and the application will be displayed along the arm. The watch can project an interface of 40 square centimeters, about five times larger than the interface of a standard smart watch.The researchers said: "Although there are still obstacles in practical application, we believe that our work shows the first functional projection smart watch system and constitutes a significant progress in the state-of-the-art technology. Some of these obstacles include the difficulty of projecting the interface to a place like the arm, because it is not completely flat and often leads to distortion. Therefore, the watch can detect when the user makes a Unlock the system by sliding on the left. Then track the user's fingers to calibrate and optimize the projection angle to ensure the usability of the interface. "According to the developers, the final production version of lumiwatch will cost about $600. However, they will continue to improve lumiwatch to ensure that it can achieve more functions.

introductionWith the development and improvement of LED technology, large LED displays have been widely used in various public places to display multimedia information such as text, graphics, video images and so on. In the construction of urban information modernization, LED display screen has become one of the important media of modern information dissemination. With the sharp increase in the number of outdoor LED screens and the expansion of the scope of use, new requirements are put forward for the management and control of LED displays.1. System working principleThe system is mainly composed of upper computer and lower computer. The upper computer is a device installed with LED screen management software and can connect to Internet or GPRS network, such as PC, mobile device, etc. The lower computer is the LED screen wireless controller based on AVR MCU control module. The system topology is shown in Figure 1.The system mainly uses GPRS module as wireless modem to realize the dial-up Internet access of LED display wireless controller (as client), TCP wireless communication with upper computer (as server) on Internet network, data transmission and wireless data update of LED screen.2. Hardware design of lower computerAs shown in Figure 2, the wireless controller of LED screen is mainly composed of four parts: power supply module, GPRS module, AVR single chip microcomputer control module and LED display screen.2.1 AVR single chip microcomputer control moduleIn order to ensure the real-time and efficiency of communication data and drive LED display screen, the MCU used in this module is Atmega 162 of ATMEL company with dual serial port. It is an 8-bit single chip microcomputer with low-power CMOS based on avrrisc. It has very high stability and reliability, can adapt to various environments and is suitable for various wireless LED display screen environments.This module mainly processes the information received by GPRS module, transmits the received screen display information to LED screen, and sends at command through serial port to monitor whether GPRS module has new messages. Once there is, it immediately enters the serial port interrupt to process the data. Under the TCP / IP protocol, the data is transmitted in hexadecimal mode without Chinese character decoding, which greatly simplifies the design of the peripheral circuit of the system.2.2 GPRS module circuitThe GPRS module adopts SIM300 of simcom company. The module has small volume and outstanding performance. It can be widely used in wireless voice transmission, on-board system, remote meter reading, safety monitoring, remote control and telemetry, handheld devices and other fields.SIM300 module has a fully functional system interface, integrates TCP / IP protocol stack internally, expands TCP / IP at instructions, and can interoperate the at instructions provided by it through serial port. This can reduce the difficulty of development, easy to realize data transmission, low cost and good scalability of the system.The SIM300 needs an external SIM card holder, and its serial port is connected with the serial port of the single chip microcomputer to transmit the information received by the GPRS module to the single chip microcomputer for data processing. The AVR single chip microcomputer controls the switch of SIM300 module. The connection diagram between AVR single chip microcomputer and SIM300 module is shown in Figure 3.2.3 LED screen driving circuitThe classic 74HC595 is used as the column driver of dot matrix output, and ULN2803 is used as the row driver. The driving circuit design of this scheme has simple software and hardware design, low power consumption, strong driving ability and less I / O port lines. It is a design scheme with low cost and flexible application.3. Communication protocol designBecause the system adopts the communication mode of GPRS network, the upper computer sets up an LED controller management platform to manage all led controllers. The LED controller management platform (i.e. "host computer software") communicates with the LED screen wireless controller through TCP / IP protocol, and can control multiple devices at the same time. The upper computer software and the LED screen wireless controller are connected by GPRS, and the connection relationship between them is shown in Figure 4.The LED screen wireless controller is the client, and its data sending and receiving is controlled by the upper computer software. When the LED screen controller is powered on and running, it will actively establish a connection to the upper computer software and shake hands. After successful login, the upper computer software and LED controller can transmit data.The communication protocol between the upper computer software and each LED screen wireless controller is based on TCP protocol, and an STCP protocol layer is customized to encapsulate the PDU (data unit) data layer protocol. STCP protocol layer only provides a safe and reliable transmission process for the bearing framework of PDU. The structure diagram of communication network layer is shown in Figure 5.Fig. 5 structure diagram of communication network layerIn the customized STCP communication protocol, a series of communication instructions for managing the wireless LED display controller are formulated, which mainly provides specific communication structure and specification for the programming of host computer software. The format of communication packet is shown in Table 1:Table 1 format of communication packetNote:Complete data length: integer bytes (4 bytes in length), the length of the entire communication packet;Command word: according to the communication command table of wireless LED display controller, see Table 2;Explicit control word: 0-none; 1 - move up; 2 - move down; 3 - left shift; 4 - shift right; 5 - stationary; 6 - flashing; 7 - delete;Data content: information content to be displayed;Checksum: cumulative checksum of all data;According to the actual application needs of wireless LED display controller, the instructions of sending, deleting, displaying, connecting and disconnecting are formulated. The codes and main functions of these instructions are shown in Table 2.Table 2 communication instructionsAfter the upper computer software sends the data to the wireless LED display controller through the Internet network, the LED display controller needs to process the received data. According to different instructions, the display content and display mode of LED display screen can be controlled (such as moving up, moving down, moving left, moving right, stationary, flashing, deleting, etc.).4. Software designThe software design of the system includes two parts: the upper computer software and the control program of AVR single chip microcomputer. The upper computer software completes the communication with GPRS module and controls the data information displayed on LED display screen; The control software of AVR single chip microcomputer mainly completes system initialization, GPRS network connection, receives the information sent by the upper computer, analyzes the content of the received information, completes the instructions, converts the released information into dot matrix information as needed, and sends it to the LED display screen for display.4.1 control program of AVR single chip microcomputerThe control program of AVR MCU mainly completes the following functions: connecting GPRS network, data transmission, controlling LED screen display.(1) Initialize the system and SIM300 module and connect to GPRS network; (2) According to the communication protocol between the display controller and the host computer, communicate with the host computer, shake hands, receive instructions, analyze instructions, and store and process display data and other information; (3) The LED screen is driven through the serial port to display information, etc.The following briefly introduces the TCP / IP wireless communication process between SIM300 module and host computer.At cgdcont = 1, "IP", "cmnet" -- register China Mobile NetworkOKATCGCLASS -- Displays the type of GPRS message movementCGCLASS BOKATCGATT -- GPRS service attach / detachCGATT 1OKAt cgact = 1, 1 -- environment activationOKAt cipstart = "TCP", "202.196.87.7", "2020" -- startTCP connection (upper computer IP address and port number)OKConnect OK -- connection successfulAt cipend -- send data over TCP》 HELLOSend OK -- send succeeded4.2 upper computer softwareThe upper computer software of the system mainly uses VC to design a communication interface to communicate with LED remote controller. The user interface part adopts MFC framework and is implemented based on dialog. When using Visual C to develop the network transmission of data through TCP / IP protocol, the IOCP framework is used to realize the completion port model of windows socket.IOCP, I / O completion port, is an asynchronous I / O API that can efficiently notify applications of I / O events. After a socket is created, it is associated with a completion port. When an event occurs, the completion port will be added to a queue by the operating system, and then the application can query the core layer to get the completion port. Once an I / O operation is completed, a worker thread that can process the result of the operation will receive a notification. Create a number of worker threads in this application to handle notifications of overlapping I / O requests.The startup process of IOCP framework is shown in Figure 6.The implementation steps of IOCP framework are as follows:(1) Initialize the Winsock working environment, create the completion port, create the completion port thread, and establish a listening socket to associate the socket with the completion port;(2) The listening socket starts working. When the listening socket receives the connection request from the client TCP, the IOCP will obtain and process the message, create the corresponding socket object for receiving and processing, and complete the connection;(3) After the client completes the TCP connection, it can start data communication. The I / O thread is responsible for distributing I / O requests and allocating the logical processing environment through the thread pool;(4) After receiving the data, an I / O data structure (wsaoverlapped) provided by Microsoft is extended to complete protocol analysis and data processing.In addition, the thread pool here is just a management queue, which is used to manage thread resources and complete the processing of maximum business logic with the least threads. The real thread function does not complete the detailed business processing, but only completes the re call of I / O request, and the virtual function realizes the re processing of I / O request.In order to improve the friendliness of the software, the framework uses the message mechanism of windows to interact with the UI, and transmits the relevant information of the framework to the UI window through the window message. Therefore, a pointer member is reserved in the framework, and the message response function is called through the pointer to send a message to the window when necessary. The UI reflects the operation information of the framework according to the message.5. Conclusion

Hybrid electric vehicle uses the traditional internal combustion engine and motor as the power source, and drives the vehicle through the mixed use of thermal energy and electric power systems, so as to save fuel and reduce exhaust pollution. In addition to various unit technologies such as engine, motor and battery, the important technologies of hybrid electric vehicle are the electronic control technology of each system and the power system optimization and control technology of the whole vehicle. This paper mainly describes the application of weinview touch screen in battery control system unit.2 System principle and design requirements1: Principle of hybrid electric vehicleHybrid electric vehicle uses the traditional internal combustion engine and motor as the power source, and drives the vehicle through the mixed use of thermal energy and electric power systems, so as to save fuel and reduce exhaust pollution. The internal combustion engine used includes diesel engine and gasoline engine. The common characteristics are small displacement, light weight, high speed and good emission. The key of hybrid electric vehicle is hybrid power system. Its performance is directly related to the whole vehicle performance of hybrid electric vehicle. The schematic diagram of hybrid power system is shown in Figure 1.Hybrid power system is divided into series type, parallel type and hybrid type. Series hybrid electric vehicle is mainly composed of engine, generator, drive motor, battery pack and other components. The engine is only used to generate electricity. The electric energy generated by the generator is supplied to the motor, which drives the car. Part of the electric energy generated by the generator charges the battery to extend the driving range of the hybrid electric vehicle. In addition, the battery can also separately provide electric energy to the motor to drive the electric vehicle, so that the hybrid electric vehicle can run under the state of zero pollution. See Figure 2 for the series schematic diagram.Parallel hybrid electric vehicle is mainly composed of engine, generator / motor, battery pack and other components. The parallel drive system can use the engine or motor as the power source alone, or use the motor and engine as the power source to drive the vehicle at the same time. See Figure 3 for the schematic diagram of the parallel drive system.Hybrid electric vehicle is mainly composed of engine, generator, motor, planetary gear mechanism, battery pack and other components. The hybrid drive mode is to connect the engine, generator and motor through a planetary gear device. The power is output from the engine to the planet carrier connected to it. The planet carrier transmits part of the torque to the generator and the other part to the motor and output to the drive shaft. At this time, the vehicle is not series or parallel, but between series and parallel, making full use of the advantages of the two driving modes. See Figure 4 for the schematic diagram of hybrid connection.2: Hybrid electric vehicle battery control unit system setting requirements.1: Touch screen design requirementsThe system adopts weinviewmt8070ih touch screen, which is 7 "wide screen and 400MHz CPU. 128M super large capacity flash, which can quickly respond to system instructions.The picture language shall be switchable between Chinese and English, and the picture shall have animation effect. For example, the charging and discharging process of the battery shall be synchronized with the actual situation and expressed in animation effect.The touch screen adopts a 7-inch wide screen, and the main screen can intuitively show the working conditions of the user's fuel cell unit, as well as the working conditions and relevant parameters of each group of batteries and each battery. For this battery management unit, there are 10 groups in total, with 12 batteries in each group. It is required to display the voltage, current and temperature parameters of these 120 batteries. If the parameters exceed the range, an alarm must be given.2: Set alarm voltage range:When it is detected that the voltage of any string in the battery pack exceeds 3.00-3.65v, the voltage submenu and warning triangle symbol shall flash. Enter the voltage submenu, and the battery pack exceeding the standard shall flash. Click the menu on the third page of the corresponding battery pack, and the string exceeding the standard shall flash.3: Set alarm temperature range:When the temperature of any battery in the battery pack exceeds 70 , the temperature submenu and warning triangle symbol shall flash. Enter the temperature submenu, and the battery pack exceeding the standard shall flash.4: Calculation of battery capacity:Calculation method: total current x total voltage x time = charge and discharge capacity; The touch screen is required to accurately display the charge and discharge data.3 Screen design of touch screen system1: Design of touch screen main monitoring screenThe Chinese and English images of the main monitoring screen of the touch screen are shown in the figure below. There are battery symbols on the whole screen, marked with positive and negative poles, which can display the current capacity of the battery. The first dial on the screen is an ammeter, which can display the charge and discharge of the battery unit; The second meter is a voltmeter, which mainly displays the voltage of the battery pack after inversion. The temperature and voltage controls on the screen can be used as alarm display and function keys to enter the next level of directory.2: Design of touch screen temperature monitoring screenClick the temperature button on the main screen to enter the battery module temperature monitoring screen, in which we can see the temperature of 10 groups of batteries. For batteries with 12 sections in each group of batteries, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of every 4 batteries, so there are three temperature sensors in a group of batteries, which can be read out through the touch screen. When the temperature is abnormal and exceeds the working temperature of the battery, the icon of the corresponding battery will flash, which is convenient for the driver to view. The battery temperature monitoring screen is shown in the figure below.Battery temperature monitoring3: Design of touch screen temperature and voltage pictureClick the voltage button on the main screen to enter the battery module voltage monitoring screen, in which we can see the voltage of each subsection of each battery in each group of batteries. In the quick selection bar on the left of the screen, you can switch other battery packs arbitrarily and view the detailed voltage of the battery pack.In the battery unit, when the voltage range of one battery exceeds 3.00-3.65v, the corresponding battery icon will flash for relevant alarm; It is convenient for operators and drivers to query.4 Establishment of communication between touch screen and controller1: Development of communication protocolThe customer's controller is developed with single chip microcomputer, so mt8070ih and its communication must have a communication protocol to communicate with single chip microcomputer. The communication parameters of the single chip microcomputer have been set at the single chip microcomputer. Please see the following figure for the communication parameters of the touch screen.2: Communication debugging and data testAfter the communication test is successful, we will test the correctness of the data. Firstly, the parameters of all battery units should be read through the software of single chip microcomputer; Then use the touch screen to communicate with the MCU to test whether the read data is consistent with the parameters read by the MCU software. The software screen for reading data of single chip microcomputer is shown in the figure below. On the screen, we can read the parameters of each battery.3: Test of alarm systemFor the alarm test, we can set the alarm on the touch screen, including the battery voltage alarm range, the battery temperature alarm range and the battery capacity alarm range. In this way, it is convenient for the commissioning personnel to test whether the alarm is normal, because the parameter voltage of some batteries may be less than 3V in the commissioning stage, so the self setting of the alarm range is more conducive to the communication test between mt8070ih and the controller.The system adopts the control system composed of weinviewmt8070ih touch screen and single chip microcomputer. When applied to hybrid electric vehicles, the fuel saving effect can reach 30%. The energy conversion effect is good. It can supplement the kinetic energy when the fuel system is lack of power. When braking, it can convert the kinetic energy of braking into electric energy and save it through the battery. At present, the application of new energy vehicles is in its infancy, but this application is not only in line with the development trend of transition from fuel drive to electric drive in the future, but also greatly increases the environmental protection degree of the automobile industry, which is of great significance to the improvement of human living environment.

Design of LED display screen based on GSM moduleAbstract: This paper introduces the hardware interface circuit between TC35i module and AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, analyzes in detail the process of information transmission between AT89C51 and TC35i and how to read Chinese character code from memory and provide it to LED display screen, and explains the problems needing attention in information transmission.1 Introduction With the development of communication technology, the service function based on mobile communication network is expanding to the field of industrial control and remote control. In order to meet this need, Siemens has launched a new generation of TC35i wireless communication GSM module. Based on the short message function of the module, user information processing and other functions can be realized quickly, safely and reliably. It is especially suitable for occasions where the control center is far away from the terminal equipment or it is not convenient to use wired communication media. The system is composed of control center and several display screens. The control center sends the latest information to each display screen in real time to form the communication link between the control center and the display screen.2 hardware interface circuit between TC35i and MCU TC35i can realize data, voice transmission, short message service and fax in the system scheme quickly, safely and reliably. The working voltage of the module is 3.3 V 5.5 V, which can work at 900 MHz 1800MHz. The module has at command set interface and supports text and PDU mode short messages. In addition, the module also has the functions of telephone book, multi-party call and roaming detection. The common working modes include power saving mode, i-dle and talk. The bidirectional transmission of power connection, command, data, voice signal and control signal is realized through 40 pin ZIF connector. The SIM card holder and antenna can be connected respectively through ZIF connector and 50 antenna connector. In the control system, AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is used to expand ram6264 at the same time to store 128 B data to be displayed corresponding to the display screen and information read from GSM module. In order to increase the capacity of storing data, am29f040 flashmemory (512 KB) is adopted in this design. It has large storage capacity, high integration, low cost, flexible reading and writing and good data nonvolatile. It has 15 address lines, of which the low 8-bit address is provided by port P0 after being latched by 74HC373, and the high 11 bit address is provided by port P2 together with P1.4, P1.5 and P1.6. 8-bit data is directly provided by Po port. Using dynamic scanning mode, 16 lines of progressive scanning are carried out with 74hcl54 and 74HC595. Using the visual persistence effect of human eyes, I / O resources can be saved and calorific value can be reduced.3 working principle As shown in Figure L, at the receiving terminal, the single chip microcomputer reads the data carried by TC35i module in the form of short message, and displays it on the LED display screen after processing. Because the Chinese character in the short message is only one code, the MCU application system changes the code into Chinese character dot matrix data, and the Chinese character library must be configured. Therefore, when designing the MCU application system, the control center edits the PDU packet data and adopts the user-defined data mode. Among them, the data representing Chinese characters directly uses the internal code of Chinese characters, and the word library configured by the system is the Chinese character library encoded by gb-2312, that is, the location code Chinese character library. Next, the data format of smspdu is introduced by analyzing the outgoing information stored in the mobile phone. First, write a message with your mobile phone. The sending mobile phone number is 13605696031 and the message content is "HelloWorld!". This message can be read out by executing at cmgl = 2.The operation process is as follows (italicized characters are the response information and is the comment):The software interface between MCU and mobile phone is actually the technology that MCU controls mobile phone through at command related to GSM short message, such as reading the short message content of mobile phone, deleting the short message content, listing the unread short messages in mobile phone, etc. Executing l instructions is not as simple as some materials. In fact, the execution process of instructions requires the interactive response between MCU and mobile phone. There are strict regulations on the number of bytes sent or received each time. The two must realize data exchange according to these regulations, otherwise, the communication will fail. Table L lists the at instruction execution process.The instruction symbols, constants, PDU data packets, etc. of all at instructions are transmitted in the form of ASC coding, such as ASC coding of "a" is 41h, "ASC coding of" t "is 54H, ASC coding of number" 0 "is 30h, etc.When the single chip microcomputer controls the operation of the mobile phone, the SMS working mode of the mobile phone must be set to PDU format, that is, it is completed through the instruction at cmgf = 0.After the single chip microcomputer sends each l instruction to the mobile phone, the carriage return character must be used as the end of the instruction. The ASC code of carriage return is ODH. For example, the single chip microcomputer sends the "at cmgf = 0" instruction to the mobile phone, and its ASC code is listed as "41h, 54H, 2bh, 42h, 4dh, 47h, 46h, 3dH, 30h and 0dh" , the last byte 0dh is the carriage return, indicating the end of the instruction. If there is no carriage return, the mobile phone will not recognize the instruction.When the mobile phone receives a complete at instruction, the mobile phone does not execute the instruction immediately, but first reverses all ASC II coding sequences of the at instruction just received (including ODH), then sends one carriage return and line feed ASC II coding, i.e. 0dh and OAH, and finally executes the instruction.When the mobile phone sends short message content to the single chip microcomputer, the content of its PDU data packet is hexadecimal data, but it does not directly transfer hexadecimal data to the single chip microcomputer, but still encodes each hexadecimal number ASC to send, so that the hexadecimal number of 2 bytes becomes ASC code of 4 bytes. However, the length of data bytes in the PDU data packet is still the actual word The section length, rather than the byte length of ASC code, should be paid special attention during programming, otherwise the received data will be incomplete. After receiving the PDU packet data, the single chip microcomputer must restore it to hexadecimal data, and its algorithm is as follows:Let a be the received ASC code. B be the converted hexadecimal number. Then, if a 39H, B = a-30h-07h. Finally, combine the first and second numbers into one byte.

It is reported that Apple plans to use cheaper LCD screens on most iPhone models next year, while delaying the full conversion to high-tech organic light emitting diode (OLED) screens, which also reflects consumers' price sensitivity.According to the Wall Street Journal, apple is expected to launch an LCD model and two OLED models this fall, and the LCD model is expected to account for most of its iPhone sales. It is expected that Apple will continue to use LCD next year, which is completely inconsistent with the previous report of a complete transition to OLED.Apple announced in March that it was testing its internal microled screen.Apple's decision to insist on using cheaper LCD screens has brought more uncertainty to its screen suppliers; In addition, Apple's decision to produce its own screen endangers the interests of many suppliers.Since apple is not expected to use these products in its OLED screen, the shares of Apple's three LCD suppliers, including sharp, LG display and Japan display, have fallen sharply in the past year. Subsequently, when it was revealed in March that Apple was already testing its microled screen, the shares of many display suppliers, including Samsung, sharp and LG display, fell again. This also damages the interests of general display and Synaptics. After reports showed that Apple would use more LCD screens than expected, the share price of general display company, which provides OLED display materials, began to fall.The Wall Street Journal pointed out that Apple's decision to postpone the implementation of OLED screens does not necessarily bring opportunities for LCD suppliers. For example, LG display has planned to invest in OLED screens.Apple has been facing the problem of supply shortage in the past. If suppliers have to change their production plans, Apple may face supply shortage again. It is reported that Japan display raised $320 million in April to meet the expected demand for its advanced LCD.According to recent reports, Apple has communicated its transformation plan to its suppliers, including plans to reduce parts procurement from suppliers by nearly 20% this year. At the same time, the uncertainty of the continuous expansion of Apple's supply chain will also make the new iPhone more expensive than ever.

It is reported that Apple plans to use cheaper LCD screens on most iPhone models next year, while delaying the full conversion to high-tech organic light emitting diode (OLED) screens, which also reflects consumers' price sensitivity.According to the Wall Street Journal, apple is expected to launch an LCD model and two OLED models this fall, and the LCD model is expected to account for most of its iPhone sales. It is expected that Apple will continue to use LCD next year, which is completely inconsistent with the previous report of a complete transition to OLED.Apple announced in March that it was testing its internal microled screen.Apple's decision to insist on using cheaper LCD screens has brought more uncertainty to its screen suppliers; In addition, Apple's decision to produce its own screen endangers the interests of many suppliers.Since apple is not expected to use these products in its OLED screen, the shares of Apple's three LCD suppliers, including sharp, LG display and Japan display, have fallen sharply in the past year. Subsequently, when it was revealed in March that Apple was already testing its microled screen, the shares of many display suppliers, including Samsung, sharp and LG display, fell again. This also damages the interests of general display and Synaptics. After reports showed that Apple would use more LCD screens than expected, the share price of general display company, which provides OLED display materials, began to fall.The Wall Street Journal pointed out that Apple's decision to postpone the implementation of OLED screens does not necessarily bring opportunities for LCD suppliers. For example, LG display has planned to invest in OLED screens.Apple has been facing the problem of supply shortage in the past. If suppliers have to change their production plans, Apple may face supply shortage again. It is reported that Japan display raised $320 million in April to meet the expected demand for its advanced LCD.According to recent reports, Apple has communicated its transformation plan to its suppliers, including plans to reduce parts procurement from suppliers by nearly 20% this year. At the same time, the uncertainty of the continuous expansion of Apple's supply chain will also make the new iPhone more expensive than ever.

Led transparent screen is a popular subdivision screen in the LED field in recent years. We often see the figure of transparent screen whether it is glass curtain wall, glass window or shopping mall. As one of the high-end display products, the price problem of the original transparent screen makes many users can only wait and see from a distance.With the rapid development of LED transparent screen, its price has also decreased significantly to the acceptable range of users, and various spacing and special-shaped display products emerge in endlessly. Transparent screen is gradually emerging in the commercial display field because of its unique display style.Scientific and technological progress is the core of social development and the first productive force. The transformation and upgrading of science and technology has not only greatly improved the modern production capacity of enterprises, but also further improved human vision in social development. In recent years, with the strong support of the construction industry in big cities, the glass curtain wall area of commercial buildings has reached a new peak. In this regard, led transparent screen manufacturers have made major technical upgrades to the transparent display scheme of large-area glass curtain wall. As a provider of indoor and outdoor LED transparent screen display solutions, Shenzhen Jingang vision is also very happy to contribute to our strength under the mainstream of this market.In order to expand the scope of commercial display application market, we continue to integrate new technologies and introduce various innovative technologies, products and solutions to the market. In recent years, led transparent screen solutions have become more and more common due to the use of advanced technology and most market participation. This popularity has also prompted the outbreak of urban commercial exhibition industry, which is also due to the continuous improvement of infrastructure and the rapid development of urbanization.When it comes to transparent screens, the market segments are relatively broad, and the market segments are based on products, technologies, components, display types, screen sizes and application scenarios. Based on various segments, led transparent screen can help enterprises choose growth niche market and strategic development, and determine the difference between the core application field of products and the target market.

Principle of touch screen capacitance screenTouch screen is the most friendly computer user interface at present. It is more and more widely used in consumer electronic products. The touch detection device and touch screen controller are good. The mechanical structure of the detection device is damaged in the process of touch screen device, resulting in the decline of touch accuracy and shortening of service life of the touch screen; In addition, the cost of commonly used capacitive and resistive touch screens is relatively high. Inductive touch screen can avoid damage to the touch detection device during touch and prolong the service life of touch screen products.The working principle of inductive touch screen, as well as the hardware circuit and part of the program design of the controller, all of the controller circuits have passed the verification. The non-direct contact touch of inductive touch screen avoids the damage to the touch detection device, prolongs the service life of the whole touch control system, and the repetition accuracy and touch sensitivity of touching the same point meet the expected design requirements.The capacitive induction touch screen is not affected by dirt, dust or oil stains, but it will be affected by the surrounding environment to varying degrees because it adopts the electric field coupling principle. At the same time, the capacitive induction touch screen has serious drift phenomenon.What are the application areas of touch screenTouch screen has become a hot spot in the market. In the market, shopping malls, hotels and other places, it is still dominated by smart phones. The growth momentum of the smartphone market slowed down and entered a period of gentle development. The application of touch screen outside mobile phones, such as automotive electronics, retail, medical treatment, public facilities, leisure and entertainment, will promote the rapid growth of touch screen market.In addition to applications in large fields, touch screens can be innovated in subdivided fields. In the field of "pen writing tablet", innovate the touch screen.The products have been extended to tablet with pen writing function, e-book, all-in-one machine, electronic whiteboard, etc. And the pen and hand can be used at the same time. When one hand is touching, the pen can also write at the same time.The traditional materials of capacitive touch screen are ITO, metal grid, nano silver wire, carbon nanotube, conductive polymer, graphene, etc. Metal mesh and nano silver wire have more supporters. Both materials are metals (silver or copper) and their conductivity is better than ITO.

Fingerprint identification on mobile phones has become an indispensable part of our daily life.Especially during the epidemic, face recognition is mostly paralyzed due to wearing masks, and fingerprint recognition has become the current optimal solution.Of course, if you use a mobile phone without fingerprint identification such as iPhone x, you have to find a way by yourself...9to5mac also gave a tutorial on using face ID with mask Screen fingerprint identification has become the mainstream, and the technology is also very mature. However, Tony saw a news while surfing the Internet today, saying that Tianma, a domestic LCD and LCM design company, released the world's first LCD Screen multi-point fingerprint identification scheme (Ted finger print, referred to as TFP).The strength of this scheme is that the off-screen fingerprint identification mobile phones we use now are basically OLED screens, while the LCD screen basically has no on-screen fingerprint identification...One plus 6T off screen fingerprint identification diagram As we all know, the screen fingerprint unlocking needs the illumination of the light source for fingerprint identification, but the LCD screen is relatively thick and has poor light transmittance; Second, the LCD screen cannot emit light actively, and the backlight will interfere with the identification of optical fingerprints.These two problems make LCD basically bid farewell to screen fingerprint recognition.Therefore, mobile phones with LCD screen basically adopt side fingerprint identification, and some will be combined with the power key on the side of the mobile phone.But OLED screens don't have this problem. Because the OLED screen is thinner and more transparent, it is natural to use fingerprints on and off the screen.Then why do manufacturers not directly on the OLED screen, but want to operate madly on the LCD screen? The reason is also simple: because LCD screens are cheap...Although Lu Weibing, vice president of Xiaomi, said publicly some time ago that Hongmi team successfully realized fingerprint recognition under LCD screen on a redmi note8 Pro prototype, so far, no manufacturer has officially announced this technology, and Tianma is the first.So Tony was surprised when he saw the news. This fingerprint identification scheme can be said to break through the two obstacles of current screen fingerprint identification technology - LCD screen and identification area.If the multi-point fingerprint identification in the LCD screen can achieve mass production, it means that the LCD screen can also use fingerprint identification!Another point is the identification area of off screen fingerprint identification.So far, the identification area of screen fingerprint is basically fixed, almost at the lower position of the screen. People will subconsciously put their fingers at the approximate position when unlocking the mobile phone.But no one can guarantee that every time the finger is pressed on the fingerprint identification area, because the identification area is so large, it is inevitable that there will be deviations...The scheme announced by Tianma this time shows that it can make the whole LCD screen recognize fingerprints!Tony mended his brain, that is, I could identify my fingerprint and unlock my mobile phone by placing my finger anywhere on the screen.If this multi-point fingerprint identification technology can be mass produced, the efficiency of unlocking the screen will be much higher than now. You don't have to find the identification area and poke it on the screen.It can be said that Tianma's operation directly makes the LCD screen ride on the head of OLED in fingerprint identification. Once LCD screens didn't even deserve fingerprint identification. Now they not only have fingerprint identification, but also can identify 5 at a time...As for why the multi-point fingerprint solution in the TFP screen can realize these functions, high integration has played a great role.In short, it is to integrate touch, display and fingerprint identification, replace the previous design of fingerprint identification module and reduce the thickness of the screen, so that the screen fingerprint identification is feasible on the LCD.At the same time, in order to realize fingerprint identification on the whole screen, Tianma covers the whole screen with optical path and sensors.As for how multi-point fingerprint identification can play new tricks, it still depends on the subsequent operations of manufacturers.As for the fate of LCD screen after mass production of this scheme, we still don't know, but before that, LCD screen has never been the first choice for mobile phone manufacturers.After all, the OLED screen is thinner, can emit light by itself, and the color is more bright. The experience is much better than that of LCD, but there are still problems of stroboscopic and screen burning, and the price is relatively expensive.When it comes to the LCD screen, the advantages and disadvantages are reversed...The price of iPhone 11 with LCD screen is lower For most users, OLED screen is their first choice, but there are still a group of people who stick to the LCD screen.In addition to having a larger viewing angle, another reason is that they can't accept the strobe of OLED screen. They think it's really hurting their eyes...Therefore, once the TFP scheme realizes mass production, the defect that the LCD screen has no off screen fingerprint will be supplemented. If the price can be controlled well, the current situation of the screen in the mobile phone market may change a lot.However, before that, the mobile phone market was still dominated by OLED screens, not to mention the suoper AMOLED screens such as Samsung. The evolution of LCD screens has a long way to go...

Every day, new products, new experiences, professional membrane switch proofing factory, 12 hour expedited shipmentFrom the hot sale of Samsung Galaxy edge flagship series to the advent of various curved screen bracelets and TVs, it is no doubt that curved screen technology has been widely valued and sought after by consumers and the industry in recent years. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of fixed curvature curved screen technology, the flexible touch screen that can realize arbitrary bending will become an important development direction. On the 25th, at the 13th International touch screen and display technology development forum, Huang Hanfeng, deputy general manager of touch R & D from Shenzhen oufeiguang technology, made a detailed introduction to the flexible touch screen from the perspective of the industrial chain around the four key elements of flexible display, flexible touch, flexible cover plate and flexible bonding.Flexible displayFor LCD display, the LCD is usually responsible for controlling the display gray, and the three primary color filters control the display color, which requires them to correspond one by one in order to display normally. If the LCD panel is used as a curved screen, the inner circumference and outer circumference will be unequal, and the original one-to-one corresponding liquid crystal and filter will have position deviation, resulting in color distortion. In addition, it will also cause a series of problems such as light leakage, dark screen ghosting and snowflakes. Therefore, for the curved screen, the OLED display technology represented by AMOLED has almost become the best choice.Huang Hanfeng said that at present, Samsung is the undisputed AMOLED overlord in terms of patents, production capacity, yield and technology accumulation. The sixth generation AMOLED panel that began mass production at the end of 2014 can now produce 50000 pieces per month, and the yield can reach 60%. The second is LG, but LG has been focusing on large screen curved TV. At present, with the increasingly obvious trend of small screen AMOLED, LG is also accelerating the layout of small and medium-sized flexible screens. Although its output is not as good as Samsung, its yield can also reach more than 60%. The latest release of Xiaomi note 2 is the flexible AMOLED screen of LG. In addition, Japan's JDI and sharp (already acquired by Hon Hai), Taiwan's Youda, domestic BOE, Rouyu and other screen manufacturers are also accelerating the layout of their own AMOLED technology. It is the general trend for AMOLED to replace LCD.Flexible touchIn terms of touch control, ITO (indium tin oxide) transparent conductive film has become the most important touch layer material for display screens such as non curved LCD and OLED due to its good light transmittance, low thickness, excellent hardness and conductivity, mature manufacturing technology and many other reasons. However, as ITO itself is a brittle material, it is not suitable for making flexible touch layer with large curvature or even free bending, and the cost and cost are high. At present, it accounts for about 30% - 40% of the cost of the upstream material part of the whole touch screen industry, and uses "indium", a rare metal with limited reserves. Therefore, with the advent of the era of curved surface and flexibility, it is likely to be replaced.Huang Hanfeng said that at present, the main substitutes for ITO materials are graphene, carbon nanotubes, nano silver and metal mesh. Graphene and carbon nanotubes are very good substitutes for ITO from the characteristics of the material itself. However, graphene is still in the R & D stage and is still far from mass production. The industrial mass production technology of carbon nanotubes is not perfect, and the conductivity of the thin film products made of carbon nanotubes is not as good as that of ITO. Therefore, from the perspective of technology and marketization, metal grid and nano silver technology will be the protagonists of development in recent years. Metal grid technology has been applied in some PC display markets.The metal mesh technology mentioned here is a conductive metal mesh formed by pressing metal conductive materials such as silver and copper or oxides on thin film substrates such as pet. Its main advantages are low raw material cost and good folding ability. However, due to the problem of Murray interference ripple caused by yield, output and high-speed pixels, it is more suitable for desktop all-in-one computers, laptops, televisions and other products with low resolution and relatively long-distance use.Nano silver technology means that nano silver ink material is coated on pet or glass substrate, and then laser lithography is used to depict the conductive network of nano silver wire. Its main advantages are high yield, small linewidth, good conductivity and folding resistance, while its disadvantage is high cost. Moreover, compared with metal mesh, nano silver material has smaller radius of curvature and small resistance change rate during bending. In addition, due to the linewidth, it is more suitable for high-resolution close-up scenes such as mobile phones, smart watches and bracelets."By comprehensive comparison, I think nano silver has more advantages than metal grid," Huang Hanfeng said.Flexible cover plateIn order to bend at will, in addition to solving the flexible display and flexible touch, the last and most critical part is the flexible cover plate and fitting. However, due to its hard and fragile characteristics, glass cover plate is not the best choice in the field of flexibility.Huang Hanfeng said that compared with glass, pet and PI (polyimide) materials with high surface hardness and high light transmittance are better choices, but at present, pet and PI also have many problems to be solved. On the one hand, they are not resistant to high temperature and have poor light transmittance: pet and PI will have problems of partial melting and property change at low ambient temperature, and they do not have good light transmittance compared with glass.Secondly, it is difficult to achieve a balance between hardness and folding. Huang Hanfeng said that if you want to meet certain hardness requirements, you need to apply the hardened layer, but after coating the hardened layer, after repeated folding, the hardened layer will crack and reduce the hardness. Therefore, how to achieve a balance between the two is the biggest bottleneck at present.Compared with the flexible cover plate that needs further development, the 3D glass cover plate necessary for curved screen mobile phones has a very good development prospect.Some data show that 2018 may become the outbreak year of 3D glass cover plate. It is expected that the mobile phone penetration rate of 3D glass cover plate will exceed 50% around 2020. With the maturity of 3D glass cover plate processing technology and the decline of unit price, the penetration rate will further improve. It is expected that the market scale will reach more than 19 billion yuan in the future.Huang Hanfeng said that the common manufacturing processes of 1R (single radian bending) and 2R cover plates have been basically mature. They basically achieve a bending effect through hot bending technology. The difference is mainly in the coating of hardened layer. However, the yield is a problem to be solved, which is basically only 30%, and there is no room for improvement in the short term. If 4R is to be done in the future, the yield will be lower. Therefore, the yield is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the manufacture of cover plate.Flexible fitAfter the cover plate is selected, it is fitted, that is, the cover plate is integrated with the touch and display layer below to form a complete module. At present, there are two common methods: roller type and vacuum bonding: the roller has high efficiency and needs to roll the pasted object. The efficiency of vacuum type is relatively low, but it does not need to roll the pasted object, so it is not easy to cause damage to the pasted object.Huang Hanfeng said that if the curvature is large, you can only choose vacuum bonding. However, for the possible 4R bonding in the future, due to its special four side bending characteristics, it is difficult to avoid wrinkles and bubbles in places with large radians even if vacuum is adopted. At present, the industry has adopted customized extrusion airbags or plastic parts to alleviate this problem, but it has not been completely solved. Therefore, the industry still has room for progress in multi surface and high curvature fitting technology.Huang Hanfeng frankly said: "from the perspective of the supply chain, it will take several years for the flexible screen to really realize mass production. At the same time, it also needs the upstream and downstream supply chain to jointly overcome the relevant technical problems."For future development, Huang Hanfeng believes that the integration of various modules will be the general trend. He said: "in the incell technology of LCD, ITO touch film and liquid crystal layer are integrated together, which is a good integration. Now the fingerprint module is independent, and it can also be integrated with touch in the future. I think there will be a process of mutual integration and progress between functional modules in the future."