How to Develop for Esp8266 on Raspberry Pie

Step 1: set up the raspbian operating system

The first thing you need to do (unless you are installing into an existing environment) is to download ind and install the latest raspbian OS on the SD card. If it is a new installation, you need to extend the file system and use raspi config to set the locale / time zone / keyboard. For more information on how to do this, see here.

When finished, open the terminal and enter the following command-

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Sudo apt get install build essential srecord Unrar free Autoconf automake libtool bin GCC G GPERF flex bison texinfo gawk ncurses dev libexpat dev python python serial sed Git

After that, you have successfully set up the operating system and the necessary prerequisites.

Step 2: Step 2: get and build the ESP open SDK

The next step is to download and install the SDK source. To do this, enter the following terminal command-

cd/opt

sudo git clone --recursive https://github.com/pfalcon/esp-open-sdk.git

cd esp-open-sdk

Here we can edit the makefile and select the SDK version of our supplier. (at the time of writing this article, the current version is 1.5.2). If you have any questions, please leave. After completion, return to the terminal and enter-

make

The build takes about 2 hours, so this is a good time to get the build

Step 3: set path

ESP open SDK is now installed. In order to use it, the file must be in your path. To do this, you can edit the file / home / pi /. Profile in the editor (photo), or open the terminal and enter the following command-

You can now log off (or restart) and cross compile

Step 4: test the compiler

Now that we have installed the tool chain, his next step is to test it. (note that this is optional, but highly recommended. First, let's download the code example. Open a terminal and enter the command-

Now, in your favorite text editor, open makefile for the 'blinky' project at / sourcecode examples / blinky / Makefile, and-

Change the xtensa_tools_root variable to / opt / ESP open SDK / xtensa-lx106 - elf / bin

Change the sdk_base variable to / opt / ESP open SDK / SDK

Now save the makefile, then return to the terminal and execute-

CD source code example / flashing

make

If everything goes well, make should work normally. If there is a problem-

Check your path (echo $path) to make sure it can be compiled by the compiler

Check the makefile of blink to verify that the path of the tool and SDK is correct

Now you can refresh the sample to the ESP module. This varies from module to module, but usually you will-

When connecting the ESP module to the serial adapter, be careful to supply only 3.3vdc to the esp8266 V pin (some serial adapters have a separate 3.3V pin and others have jumpers, see the photo for these two examples)

Start ESP with gpio0 pin grounded

Now plug the UART adapter into your raspi USB port from the 'blinky' project terminal

Enter the command sudo make flash

If successful, you should see the firmware pushed at the command prompt. You can test the program by connecting a red LED and 1K resistor in series between gpio2 and the ground, as shown below. When booting esp8266, the LED should flash.

Step 5: additional tools: Eclipse IDE and espexplorer

Now that you have a tool chain to develop your own esp8266 firmware, the next thing you need is the IDE. I recommend eclipse. Installation is easy. Just open a command prompt and type-

sudo apt-get install eclipse-cdt

This will take some time to download and install. But in the end, you will get one of the most useful and powerful ides available anywhere!

For Lua development on esp8266, another tool you need is espexplorer. The only requirement is Java (Java will be installed by default anyway). To install esplorer-

Download the espexplorer.zip package (Blue Download button) from the home page and place the files in the home directory on the terminal

In the terminal, execute the following commands

Unzip espexplorer.zip

sudo mv ESPlorer/opt/

sudo chown -R pipi/opt/ESPlorer

That's it! To run espexplorer, just open a terminal and run it-

java -jar/opt/ESPlorer/ESPlorer.jar

To connect to the esp8266 using nodemcu, simply insert it, select your serial speed (selected at compile time), and then click the connect button. You should see the Lua prompt and possibly file system or heap data, depending on your firmware. (see Figure)

You can use espexplorer to upload Lua scripts and run commands interactively on esp8266. Here is a very good article on using espexplorer, Lua and esp8266.

Step 6: reward: launch your own nodemcu firmware!

Note - this is a more advanced example, assuming you know something about esp8266, nodemcu, Lua and espexplorer. In short, if you don't know what this is, you may not need it.; -)

One neat thing about esp8266 is the existence of the nodemcu firmware project. This is the open source firmware of esp8266, which allows people to write explanatory code in Lua language and then upload it to esp8266 using the espexplorer application we set up in the previous step. You may already be familiar with it. Most people download and flash their precompiled version into their ESP module. (reasons for this include getting the latest updates and bug fixes and / or increasing stability and reducing memory usage by including only the modules we actually want to use.)

First, we get the source code. Open the terminal and enter the following command-

cd/opt

sudo git clone https://github.com/nodemcu/nodemcu -firmware.git

Clown-r PI: pi / opt / nodemcu firmware

cd nodemcu-firm

Before building the firmware, you need to configure the settings.

Edit the file / opt / nodemcu firmware / APP / include / user_config. H to set the default serial baud rate by setting bit_rate_default (the default is bit_rate_115200). (if the flash size of the module is not automatically detected during the refresh process, you can also set the flash size of the module here.)

Edit the file / opt / nodemcu firmware / APP / include / user_modules. H to select the modules to include. Enable only the features you need. Selecting too much may destabilize your system.

Once you have edited the configuration, you can enter the command from the / opt / nodemcu firmware directory-

make

The blinking is exactly the same as the blinking example, except hook the UART adapter and start the esp8266 with gpio0 ground, and then execute-

Making flash memory

The successful flash memory is shown in the figure above. Once you refresh the module, you need to test it. The easiest way is to connect to it through espexplorer and throw some test commands to the Lua interpreter. Here are some good Lua examples.

If you have completed all these steps, now configure raspberry Pi as a budget development environment to create an application for esp8266.

How to Develop for Esp8266 on Raspberry Pie 1

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This fingerprint identification scheme can be said to break through the two obstacles of current screen fingerprint identification technology - LCD screen and identification area.If the multi-point fingerprint identification in the LCD screen can achieve mass production, it means that the LCD screen can also use fingerprint identification!Another point is the identification area of off screen fingerprint identification.So far, the identification area of screen fingerprint is basically fixed, almost at the lower position of the screen. People will subconsciously put their fingers at the approximate position when unlocking the mobile phone.But no one can guarantee that every time the finger is pressed on the fingerprint identification area, because the identification area is so large, it is inevitable that there will be deviations...The scheme announced by Tianma this time shows that it can make the whole LCD screen recognize fingerprints!Tony mended his brain, that is, I could identify my fingerprint and unlock my mobile phone by placing my finger anywhere on the screen.If this multi-point fingerprint identification technology can be mass produced, the efficiency of unlocking the screen will be much higher than now. You don't have to find the identification area and poke it on the screen.It can be said that Tianma's operation directly makes the LCD screen ride on the head of OLED in fingerprint identification. Once LCD screens didn't even deserve fingerprint identification. Now they not only have fingerprint identification, but also can identify 5 at a time...As for why the multi-point fingerprint solution in the TFP screen can realize these functions, high integration has played a great role.In short, it is to integrate touch, display and fingerprint identification, replace the previous design of fingerprint identification module and reduce the thickness of the screen, so that the screen fingerprint identification is feasible on the LCD.At the same time, in order to realize fingerprint identification on the whole screen, Tianma covers the whole screen with optical path and sensors.As for how multi-point fingerprint identification can play new tricks, it still depends on the subsequent operations of manufacturers.As for the fate of LCD screen after mass production of this scheme, we still don't know, but before that, LCD screen has never been the first choice for mobile phone manufacturers.After all, the OLED screen is thinner, can emit light by itself, and the color is more bright. The experience is much better than that of LCD, but there are still problems of stroboscopic and screen burning, and the price is relatively expensive.When it comes to the LCD screen, the advantages and disadvantages are reversed...The price of iPhone 11 with LCD screen is lower For most users, OLED screen is their first choice, but there are still a group of people who stick to the LCD screen.In addition to having a larger viewing angle, another reason is that they can't accept the strobe of OLED screen. They think it's really hurting their eyes...Therefore, once the TFP scheme realizes mass production, the defect that the LCD screen has no off screen fingerprint will be supplemented. If the price can be controlled well, the current situation of the screen in the mobile phone market may change a lot.However, before that, the mobile phone market was still dominated by OLED screens, not to mention the suoper AMOLED screens such as Samsung. The evolution of LCD screens has a long way to go...
What Is the Forming Process of the Flexible Touch Screen
What Is the Forming Process of the Flexible Touch Screen
Every day, new products, new experiences, professional membrane switch proofing factory, 12 hour expedited shipmentFrom the hot sale of Samsung Galaxy edge flagship series to the advent of various curved screen bracelets and TVs, it is no doubt that curved screen technology has been widely valued and sought after by consumers and the industry in recent years. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of fixed curvature curved screen technology, the flexible touch screen that can realize arbitrary bending will become an important development direction. On the 25th, at the 13th International touch screen and display technology development forum, Huang Hanfeng, deputy general manager of touch R & D from Shenzhen oufeiguang technology, made a detailed introduction to the flexible touch screen from the perspective of the industrial chain around the four key elements of flexible display, flexible touch, flexible cover plate and flexible bonding.Flexible displayFor LCD display, the LCD is usually responsible for controlling the display gray, and the three primary color filters control the display color, which requires them to correspond one by one in order to display normally. If the LCD panel is used as a curved screen, the inner circumference and outer circumference will be unequal, and the original one-to-one corresponding liquid crystal and filter will have position deviation, resulting in color distortion. In addition, it will also cause a series of problems such as light leakage, dark screen ghosting and snowflakes. Therefore, for the curved screen, the OLED display technology represented by AMOLED has almost become the best choice.Huang Hanfeng said that at present, Samsung is the undisputed AMOLED overlord in terms of patents, production capacity, yield and technology accumulation. The sixth generation AMOLED panel that began mass production at the end of 2014 can now produce 50000 pieces per month, and the yield can reach 60%. The second is LG, but LG has been focusing on large screen curved TV. At present, with the increasingly obvious trend of small screen AMOLED, LG is also accelerating the layout of small and medium-sized flexible screens. Although its output is not as good as Samsung, its yield can also reach more than 60%. The latest release of Xiaomi note 2 is the flexible AMOLED screen of LG. In addition, Japan's JDI and sharp (already acquired by Hon Hai), Taiwan's Youda, domestic BOE, Rouyu and other screen manufacturers are also accelerating the layout of their own AMOLED technology. It is the general trend for AMOLED to replace LCD.Flexible touchIn terms of touch control, ITO (indium tin oxide) transparent conductive film has become the most important touch layer material for display screens such as non curved LCD and OLED due to its good light transmittance, low thickness, excellent hardness and conductivity, mature manufacturing technology and many other reasons. However, as ITO itself is a brittle material, it is not suitable for making flexible touch layer with large curvature or even free bending, and the cost and cost are high. At present, it accounts for about 30% - 40% of the cost of the upstream material part of the whole touch screen industry, and uses "indium", a rare metal with limited reserves. Therefore, with the advent of the era of curved surface and flexibility, it is likely to be replaced.Huang Hanfeng said that at present, the main substitutes for ITO materials are graphene, carbon nanotubes, nano silver and metal mesh. Graphene and carbon nanotubes are very good substitutes for ITO from the characteristics of the material itself. However, graphene is still in the R & D stage and is still far from mass production. The industrial mass production technology of carbon nanotubes is not perfect, and the conductivity of the thin film products made of carbon nanotubes is not as good as that of ITO. Therefore, from the perspective of technology and marketization, metal grid and nano silver technology will be the protagonists of development in recent years. Metal grid technology has been applied in some PC display markets.The metal mesh technology mentioned here is a conductive metal mesh formed by pressing metal conductive materials such as silver and copper or oxides on thin film substrates such as pet. Its main advantages are low raw material cost and good folding ability. However, due to the problem of Murray interference ripple caused by yield, output and high-speed pixels, it is more suitable for desktop all-in-one computers, laptops, televisions and other products with low resolution and relatively long-distance use.Nano silver technology means that nano silver ink material is coated on pet or glass substrate, and then laser lithography is used to depict the conductive network of nano silver wire. Its main advantages are high yield, small linewidth, good conductivity and folding resistance, while its disadvantage is high cost. Moreover, compared with metal mesh, nano silver material has smaller radius of curvature and small resistance change rate during bending. In addition, due to the linewidth, it is more suitable for high-resolution close-up scenes such as mobile phones, smart watches and bracelets."By comprehensive comparison, I think nano silver has more advantages than metal grid," Huang Hanfeng said.Flexible cover plateIn order to bend at will, in addition to solving the flexible display and flexible touch, the last and most critical part is the flexible cover plate and fitting. However, due to its hard and fragile characteristics, glass cover plate is not the best choice in the field of flexibility.Huang Hanfeng said that compared with glass, pet and PI (polyimide) materials with high surface hardness and high light transmittance are better choices, but at present, pet and PI also have many problems to be solved. On the one hand, they are not resistant to high temperature and have poor light transmittance: pet and PI will have problems of partial melting and property change at low ambient temperature, and they do not have good light transmittance compared with glass.Secondly, it is difficult to achieve a balance between hardness and folding. Huang Hanfeng said that if you want to meet certain hardness requirements, you need to apply the hardened layer, but after coating the hardened layer, after repeated folding, the hardened layer will crack and reduce the hardness. Therefore, how to achieve a balance between the two is the biggest bottleneck at present.Compared with the flexible cover plate that needs further development, the 3D glass cover plate necessary for curved screen mobile phones has a very good development prospect.Some data show that 2018 may become the outbreak year of 3D glass cover plate. It is expected that the mobile phone penetration rate of 3D glass cover plate will exceed 50% around 2020. With the maturity of 3D glass cover plate processing technology and the decline of unit price, the penetration rate will further improve. It is expected that the market scale will reach more than 19 billion yuan in the future.Huang Hanfeng said that the common manufacturing processes of 1R (single radian bending) and 2R cover plates have been basically mature. They basically achieve a bending effect through hot bending technology. The difference is mainly in the coating of hardened layer. However, the yield is a problem to be solved, which is basically only 30%, and there is no room for improvement in the short term. If 4R is to be done in the future, the yield will be lower. Therefore, the yield is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the manufacture of cover plate.Flexible fitAfter the cover plate is selected, it is fitted, that is, the cover plate is integrated with the touch and display layer below to form a complete module. At present, there are two common methods: roller type and vacuum bonding: the roller has high efficiency and needs to roll the pasted object. The efficiency of vacuum type is relatively low, but it does not need to roll the pasted object, so it is not easy to cause damage to the pasted object.Huang Hanfeng said that if the curvature is large, you can only choose vacuum bonding. However, for the possible 4R bonding in the future, due to its special four side bending characteristics, it is difficult to avoid wrinkles and bubbles in places with large radians even if vacuum is adopted. At present, the industry has adopted customized extrusion airbags or plastic parts to alleviate this problem, but it has not been completely solved. Therefore, the industry still has room for progress in multi surface and high curvature fitting technology.Huang Hanfeng frankly said: "from the perspective of the supply chain, it will take several years for the flexible screen to really realize mass production. At the same time, it also needs the upstream and downstream supply chain to jointly overcome the relevant technical problems."For future development, Huang Hanfeng believes that the integration of various modules will be the general trend. He said: "in the incell technology of LCD, ITO touch film and liquid crystal layer are integrated together, which is a good integration. Now the fingerprint module is independent, and it can also be integrated with touch in the future. I think there will be a process of mutual integration and progress between functional modules in the future."
LG Will Mass Produce Mobile Phone Flexible Screen in the Fourth Quarter of This Year
LG Will Mass Produce Mobile Phone Flexible Screen in the Fourth Quarter of This Year
In the early morning of June 20, Beijing time, according to the English version of Korea Times, in order to further consolidate the leading position in the display market, LG display will mass produce a new version of smart phone flexible display from the fourth quarter of this year and provide it to major customers.LG researchers and technicians said that the purpose of producing flexible display is to meet the growing demand for innovative solutions. LG spokesman Frank Lee said that the company is trying to meet the rapidly growing market demand for advanced display screens. Li stressed that the new display screen is foldable and not fragile, and the product will become a major innovation in display technology.LG said it was investing in flexible displays and high-tech panels for mobile devices, namely OLED panels that support high-definition (UHD) displays. "We have completed the development of the first flexible display and will start mass production from the fourth quarter of this year," LG said in a statementThe E2 production line of the company's display manufacturing plant in pozhou, South Korea, will be responsible for the production of flexible displays. LG said that the OLED flexible display will adopt generation 4.5 glass cutting technology, and the monthly production capacity of the production line will be 12000 pieces.Koo Bon moo, chairman of LG, hopes to revive the enterprise by launching leading products. Therefore, as a major shareholder of LG display, LG Electronics will launch its first flexible display smartphone later this year.LG predicts that flexible display may become the latest trend of mobile devices, so the company may also consider selling flexible display to major mobile device manufacturers.It is reported that LG's competitor Samsung display is also developing similar products. At present, Samsung display is testing flexible display products to improve product quality. Due to manufacturing problems, the upcoming Galaxy note 3 should not be configured with a flexible display in the short term.Kim Yang Jae, an analyst at Woori investment securities in Korea, said: "mobile phone manufacturers are increasingly pursuing bright images, beautiful shapes and thin display screens, while flexible display screens cater to this demand. LG display is expected to help them seize a greater market share." Kim said, LG's strategy of switching to flexible display can break the industry conventions and make the company earn stable profits.In fact, flexible display is only one step for LG to invest in different businesses and seize the global market share of OLED. LG is the first company to mass produce OLED display and foldable OLED screen. At the same time, the company is also developing OLED TV supporting high-definition display.Lim Joo soo, manager of LG OLED Technology Strategy Department, said that in order to remain competitive, LG is trying to reduce costs, reduce power consumption and improve image quality. Lim Joo soo said: "LG display is developing high-definition OLED TV screen. In order to improve the brightness, we plan to replace the existing 'bottom light' technology with 'top light' technology. In addition, the company will develop new materials to extend the service life of OLED display."In the next few years, OLED TV will become the mainstream product, and LG plans to expand the TV screen size to 65 inches and 77 inches. LG said that the above two OLED displays will be produced by the M1 test production line of pozhou factory.
LG Will Mass Produce Mobile Phone Flexible Screen in the Fourth Quarter of This Year
LG Will Mass Produce Mobile Phone Flexible Screen in the Fourth Quarter of This Year
In the early morning of June 20, Beijing time, according to the English version of Korea Times, in order to further consolidate the leading position in the display market, LG display will mass produce a new version of smart phone flexible display from the fourth quarter of this year and provide it to major customers.LG researchers and technicians said that the purpose of producing flexible display is to meet the growing demand for innovative solutions. LG spokesman Frank Lee said that the company is trying to meet the rapidly growing market demand for advanced display screens. Li stressed that the new display screen is foldable and not fragile, and the product will become a major innovation in display technology.LG said it was investing in flexible displays and high-tech panels for mobile devices, namely OLED panels that support high-definition (UHD) displays. "We have completed the development of the first flexible display and will start mass production from the fourth quarter of this year," LG said in a statementThe E2 production line of the company's display manufacturing plant in pozhou, South Korea, will be responsible for the production of flexible displays. LG said that the OLED flexible display will adopt generation 4.5 glass cutting technology, and the monthly production capacity of the production line will be 12000 pieces.Koo Bon moo, chairman of LG, hopes to revive the enterprise by launching leading products. Therefore, as a major shareholder of LG display, LG Electronics will launch its first flexible display smartphone later this year.LG predicts that flexible display may become the latest trend of mobile devices, so the company may also consider selling flexible display to major mobile device manufacturers.It is reported that LG's competitor Samsung display is also developing similar products. At present, Samsung display is testing flexible display products to improve product quality. Due to manufacturing problems, the upcoming Galaxy note 3 should not be configured with a flexible display in the short term.Kim Yang Jae, an analyst at Woori investment securities in Korea, said: "mobile phone manufacturers are increasingly pursuing bright images, beautiful shapes and thin display screens, while flexible display screens cater to this demand. LG display is expected to help them seize a greater market share." Kim said, LG's strategy of switching to flexible display can break the industry conventions and make the company earn stable profits.In fact, flexible display is only one step for LG to invest in different businesses and seize the global market share of OLED. LG is the first company to mass produce OLED display and foldable OLED screen. At the same time, the company is also developing OLED TV supporting high-definition display.Lim Joo soo, manager of LG OLED Technology Strategy Department, said that in order to remain competitive, LG is trying to reduce costs, reduce power consumption and improve image quality. Lim Joo soo said: "LG display is developing high-definition OLED TV screen. In order to improve the brightness, we plan to replace the existing 'bottom light' technology with 'top light' technology. In addition, the company will develop new materials to extend the service life of OLED display."In the next few years, OLED TV will become the mainstream product, and LG plans to expand the TV screen size to 65 inches and 77 inches. LG said that the above two OLED displays will be produced by the M1 test production line of pozhou factory.
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